Vectorial interpretation of the ventricular complex in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Identifieur interne : 000673 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000672; suivant : 000674Vectorial interpretation of the ventricular complex in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Auteurs : João Tranchesi ; Armênio C. Guimarães ; Vitor Teixeira ; Fulvio PileggiSource :
- The American Journal of Cardiology [ 0002-9149 ] ; 1959.
Abstract
A vectorial analysis of twenty-seven electro-cardiograms showing the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome found among 31,822 (0.085 per cent) tracings was made.By taking into consideration the delta wave vector orientation (SÂΔ) the cases were classified in two types: 1. WPW syndrome, type I, showing positive delta waves in lead V2 (SÂΔ with a forward orientation) with SÂQRS pointing either forward or backward: and 2. WPW syndrome, type II, characterized by a negative pre-excitation component in lead V2 (SÂΔ oriented backward).Based upon previously published experimental studies and considering the spatial orientation of the SÂΔ, we believe that the area of pre-excitation is probably located at the posterior septal and ventricular regions in the WPW syndrome, type I and at the right and anterior sites of the interventricular septum and right ventricle in cases of the WPW syndrome, type II.The average of the spatial angle between SÂQRS and SÂΔ showed a small magnitude (34.7 degrees), with a minimum angle of 10 degrees and a maximum angle of 90 degrees. This finding suggests that the electrical forces developed during the premature excitation may influence the orientation of the total ventricular activation.Five of six patients showing the WPW syndrome, type I, with large S waves in leads V1 and V2, were associated with left ventricular hypertrophy.Nine of eleven patients presenting positive T waves not opposed to the ventricular complexes in the left precordial leads had normal hearts; but all patients whose electrocardiograms showed negative T waves in leads V6 and V7 presented cardiopathies with left ventricular overloading.Finally, we call attention to the possibility of having the WPW syndrome with Q waves in leads V6 and V7 related to a particular orientation of SÂΔ.
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DOI: 10.1016/0002-9149(59)90046-3
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Vectorial interpretation of the ventricular complex in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome</title><author><name sortKey="Tranchesi, Joao" sort="Tranchesi, Joao" uniqKey="Tranchesi J" first="João" last="Tranchesi">João Tranchesi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>From the Electrocardiographic Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guimaraes, Armenio C" sort="Guimaraes, Armenio C" uniqKey="Guimaraes A" first="Armênio C." last="Guimarães">Armênio C. Guimarães</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>From the Electrocardiographic Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teixeira, Vitor" sort="Teixeira, Vitor" uniqKey="Teixeira V" first="Vitor" last="Teixeira">Vitor Teixeira</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>From the Electrocardiographic Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pileggi, Fulvio" sort="Pileggi, Fulvio" uniqKey="Pileggi F" first="Fulvio" last="Pileggi">Fulvio Pileggi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>From the Electrocardiographic Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:F9A90B601ED0DBB676C753994F796DE79D4F6E79</idno><date when="1959" year="1959">1959</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/0002-9149(59)90046-3</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/F9A90B601ED0DBB676C753994F796DE79D4F6E79/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000673</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Vectorial interpretation of the ventricular complex in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome</title><author><name sortKey="Tranchesi, Joao" sort="Tranchesi, Joao" uniqKey="Tranchesi J" first="João" last="Tranchesi">João Tranchesi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>From the Electrocardiographic Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guimaraes, Armenio C" sort="Guimaraes, Armenio C" uniqKey="Guimaraes A" first="Armênio C." last="Guimarães">Armênio C. Guimarães</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>From the Electrocardiographic Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Teixeira, Vitor" sort="Teixeira, Vitor" uniqKey="Teixeira V" first="Vitor" last="Teixeira">Vitor Teixeira</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>From the Electrocardiographic Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pileggi, Fulvio" sort="Pileggi, Fulvio" uniqKey="Pileggi F" first="Fulvio" last="Pileggi">Fulvio Pileggi</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>From the Electrocardiographic Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">The American Journal of Cardiology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">AJC</title><idno type="ISSN">0002-9149</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1959">1959</date><biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="334">334</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="340">340</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0002-9149</idno></series><idno type="istex">F9A90B601ED0DBB676C753994F796DE79D4F6E79</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/0002-9149(59)90046-3</idno><idno type="PII">0002-9149(59)90046-3</idno><idno type="ArticleID">59900463</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0002-9149</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">A vectorial analysis of twenty-seven electro-cardiograms showing the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome found among 31,822 (0.085 per cent) tracings was made.By taking into consideration the delta wave vector orientation (SÂΔ) the cases were classified in two types: 1. WPW syndrome, type I, showing positive delta waves in lead V2 (SÂΔ with a forward orientation) with SÂQRS pointing either forward or backward: and 2. WPW syndrome, type II, characterized by a negative pre-excitation component in lead V2 (SÂΔ oriented backward).Based upon previously published experimental studies and considering the spatial orientation of the SÂΔ, we believe that the area of pre-excitation is probably located at the posterior septal and ventricular regions in the WPW syndrome, type I and at the right and anterior sites of the interventricular septum and right ventricle in cases of the WPW syndrome, type II.The average of the spatial angle between SÂQRS and SÂΔ showed a small magnitude (34.7 degrees), with a minimum angle of 10 degrees and a maximum angle of 90 degrees. This finding suggests that the electrical forces developed during the premature excitation may influence the orientation of the total ventricular activation.Five of six patients showing the WPW syndrome, type I, with large S waves in leads V1 and V2, were associated with left ventricular hypertrophy.Nine of eleven patients presenting positive T waves not opposed to the ventricular complexes in the left precordial leads had normal hearts; but all patients whose electrocardiograms showed negative T waves in leads V6 and V7 presented cardiopathies with left ventricular overloading.Finally, we call attention to the possibility of having the WPW syndrome with Q waves in leads V6 and V7 related to a particular orientation of SÂΔ.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>João Tranchesi M D.</name><affiliations><json:string>From the Electrocardiographic Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Armênio C. Guimarães M.D.</name><affiliations><json:string>From the Electrocardiographic Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Vitor Teixeira M.D.</name><affiliations><json:string>From the Electrocardiographic Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Fulvio Pileggi M.D.</name><affiliations><json:string>From the Electrocardiographic Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>59900463</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><abstract>A vectorial analysis of twenty-seven electro-cardiograms showing the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome found among 31,822 (0.085 per cent) tracings was made.By taking into consideration the delta wave vector orientation (SÂΔ) the cases were classified in two types: 1. WPW syndrome, type I, showing positive delta waves in lead V2 (SÂΔ with a forward orientation) with SÂQRS pointing either forward or backward: and 2. WPW syndrome, type II, characterized by a negative pre-excitation component in lead V2 (SÂΔ oriented backward).Based upon previously published experimental studies and considering the spatial orientation of the SÂΔ, we believe that the area of pre-excitation is probably located at the posterior septal and ventricular regions in the WPW syndrome, type I and at the right and anterior sites of the interventricular septum and right ventricle in cases of the WPW syndrome, type II.The average of the spatial angle between SÂQRS and SÂΔ showed a small magnitude (34.7 degrees), with a minimum angle of 10 degrees and a maximum angle of 90 degrees. This finding suggests that the electrical forces developed during the premature excitation may influence the orientation of the total ventricular activation.Five of six patients showing the WPW syndrome, type I, with large S waves in leads V1 and V2, were associated with left ventricular hypertrophy.Nine of eleven patients presenting positive T waves not opposed to the ventricular complexes in the left precordial leads had normal hearts; but all patients whose electrocardiograms showed negative T waves in leads V6 and V7 presented cardiopathies with left ventricular overloading.Finally, we call attention to the possibility of having the WPW syndrome with Q waves in leads V6 and V7 related to a particular orientation of SÂΔ.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>7.046</score><pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>540 x 756 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PauloBrazil</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Armênio C.</forename><surname>Guimarães</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">M.D.</roleName><affiliation>From the Electrocardiographic Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Vitor</forename><surname>Teixeira</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">M.D.</roleName><affiliation>From the Electrocardiographic Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Fulvio</forename><surname>Pileggi</surname></persName><roleName type="degree">M.D.</roleName><affiliation>From the Electrocardiographic Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">The American Journal of Cardiology</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">AJC</title><idno type="pISSN">0002-9149</idno><idno type="PII">S0002-9149(00)X0292-5</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1959"></date><biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">3</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="334">334</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="340">340</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">F9A90B601ED0DBB676C753994F796DE79D4F6E79</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/0002-9149(59)90046-3</idno><idno type="PII">0002-9149(59)90046-3</idno><idno type="ArticleID">59900463</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1959</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A vectorial analysis of twenty-seven electro-cardiograms showing the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome found among 31,822 (0.085 per cent) tracings was made.By taking into consideration the delta wave vector orientation (SÂΔ) the cases were classified in two types: 1. WPW syndrome, type I, showing positive delta waves in lead V2 (SÂΔ with a forward orientation) with SÂQRS pointing either forward or backward: and 2. WPW syndrome, type II, characterized by a negative pre-excitation component in lead V2 (SÂΔ oriented backward).Based upon previously published experimental studies and considering the spatial orientation of the SÂΔ, we believe that the area of pre-excitation is probably located at the posterior septal and ventricular regions in the WPW syndrome, type I and at the right and anterior sites of the interventricular septum and right ventricle in cases of the WPW syndrome, type II.The average of the spatial angle between SÂQRS and SÂΔ showed a small magnitude (34.7 degrees), with a minimum angle of 10 degrees and a maximum angle of 90 degrees. This finding suggests that the electrical forces developed during the premature excitation may influence the orientation of the total ventricular activation.Five of six patients showing the WPW syndrome, type I, with large S waves in leads V1 and V2, were associated with left ventricular hypertrophy.Nine of eleven patients presenting positive T waves not opposed to the ventricular complexes in the left precordial leads had normal hearts; but all patients whose electrocardiograms showed negative T waves in leads V6 and V7 presented cardiopathies with left ventricular overloading.Finally, we call attention to the possibility of having the WPW syndrome with Q waves in leads V6 and V7 related to a particular orientation of SÂΔ.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1959">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla" xml:lang="en"><item-info><jid>AJC</jid><aid>59900463</aid><ce:pii>0002-9149(59)90046-3</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/0002-9149(59)90046-3</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="unknown" year="1959"></ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:dochead><ce:textfn>Study of WPW syndrome</ce:textfn></ce:dochead><ce:title>Vectorial interpretation of the ventricular complex in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>João</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Tranchesi</ce:surname><ce:degrees>M D.</ce:degrees><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup loc="post">∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Armênio C.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Guimarães</ce:surname><ce:degrees>M.D.</ce:degrees><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup loc="post">∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Vitor</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Teixeira</ce:surname><ce:degrees>M.D.</ce:degrees><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup loc="post">∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Fulvio</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Pileggi</ce:surname><ce:degrees>M.D.</ce:degrees><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup loc="post">∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFF1"><ce:label>∗</ce:label><ce:textfn>From the Electrocardiographic Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation></ce:author-group><ce:abstract class="author"><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para view="all" id="simple-para.0010">A vectorial analysis of twenty-seven electro-cardiograms showing the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome found among 31,822 (0.085 per cent) tracings was made.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para view="all" id="simple-para.0015">By taking into consideration the delta wave vector orientation (SÂΔ) the cases were classified in two types: 1. WPW syndrome, type I, showing positive delta waves in lead V<ce:inf loc="post">2</ce:inf> (SÂΔ with a forward orientation) with SÂQRS pointing either forward or backward: and 2. WPW syndrome, type II, characterized by a negative pre-excitation component in lead V<ce:inf loc="post">2</ce:inf> (SÂΔ oriented backward).</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para view="all" id="simple-para.0020">Based upon previously published experimental studies and considering the spatial orientation of the SÂΔ, we believe that the area of pre-excitation is probably located at the posterior septal and ventricular regions in the WPW syndrome, type I and at the right and anterior sites of the interventricular septum and right ventricle in cases of the WPW syndrome, type II.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para view="all" id="simple-para.0025">The average of the spatial angle between SÂQRS and SÂΔ showed a small magnitude (34.7 degrees), with a minimum angle of 10 degrees and a maximum angle of 90 degrees. This finding suggests that the electrical forces developed during the premature excitation may influence the orientation of the total ventricular activation.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para view="all" id="simple-para.0030">Five of six patients showing the WPW syndrome, type I, with large S waves in leads V<ce:inf loc="post">1</ce:inf> and V<ce:inf loc="post">2</ce:inf>, were associated with left ventricular hypertrophy.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para view="all" id="simple-para.0035">Nine of eleven patients presenting positive T waves not opposed to the ventricular complexes in the left precordial leads had normal hearts; but all patients whose electrocardiograms showed negative T waves in leads V<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf> and V<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> presented cardiopathies with left ventricular overloading.</ce:simple-para><ce:simple-para view="all" id="simple-para.0040">Finally, we call attention to the possibility of having the WPW syndrome with Q waves in leads V<ce:inf loc="post">6</ce:inf> and V<ce:inf loc="post">7</ce:inf> related to a particular orientation of SÂΔ.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Vectorial interpretation of the ventricular complex in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Vectorial interpretation of the ventricular complex in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">João</namePart><namePart type="family">Tranchesi</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">M D.</namePart><affiliation>From the Electrocardiographic Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Armênio C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Guimarães</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">M.D.</namePart><affiliation>From the Electrocardiographic Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Vitor</namePart><namePart type="family">Teixeira</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">M.D.</namePart><affiliation>From the Electrocardiographic Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Fulvio</namePart><namePart type="family">Pileggi</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">M.D.</namePart><affiliation>From the Electrocardiographic Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of the University of Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1959</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1959</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">A vectorial analysis of twenty-seven electro-cardiograms showing the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome found among 31,822 (0.085 per cent) tracings was made.By taking into consideration the delta wave vector orientation (SÂΔ) the cases were classified in two types: 1. WPW syndrome, type I, showing positive delta waves in lead V2 (SÂΔ with a forward orientation) with SÂQRS pointing either forward or backward: and 2. WPW syndrome, type II, characterized by a negative pre-excitation component in lead V2 (SÂΔ oriented backward).Based upon previously published experimental studies and considering the spatial orientation of the SÂΔ, we believe that the area of pre-excitation is probably located at the posterior septal and ventricular regions in the WPW syndrome, type I and at the right and anterior sites of the interventricular septum and right ventricle in cases of the WPW syndrome, type II.The average of the spatial angle between SÂQRS and SÂΔ showed a small magnitude (34.7 degrees), with a minimum angle of 10 degrees and a maximum angle of 90 degrees. This finding suggests that the electrical forces developed during the premature excitation may influence the orientation of the total ventricular activation.Five of six patients showing the WPW syndrome, type I, with large S waves in leads V1 and V2, were associated with left ventricular hypertrophy.Nine of eleven patients presenting positive T waves not opposed to the ventricular complexes in the left precordial leads had normal hearts; but all patients whose electrocardiograms showed negative T waves in leads V6 and V7 presented cardiopathies with left ventricular overloading.Finally, we call attention to the possibility of having the WPW syndrome with Q waves in leads V6 and V7 related to a particular orientation of SÂΔ.</abstract><note type="content">Section title: Study of WPW syndrome</note><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>The American Journal of Cardiology</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>AJC</title></titleInfo><genre type="Journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">195909</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0002-9149</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0002-9149(00)X0292-5</identifier><part><date>195909</date><detail type="volume"><number>4</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>3</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>P1</start><end>P34</end></extent><extent unit="issue pages"><start>P35</start><end>P46</end></extent><extent unit="issue pages"><start>279</start><end>426</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>334</start><end>340</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">F9A90B601ED0DBB676C753994F796DE79D4F6E79</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/0002-9149(59)90046-3</identifier><identifier type="PII">0002-9149(59)90046-3</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">59900463</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><enrichments><istex:refBibTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/F9A90B601ED0DBB676C753994F796DE79D4F6E79/enrichments/refBib"><teiHeader></teiHeader><text><front></front><body></body><back><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Bundle branch block with short P-R interval in young people prone to paroxysmal tachycardia</title><author><persName><forename type="first">.</forename><forename type="middle">L</forename><surname>Woe</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">J</forename><surname>Parkinson</surname></persName></author><author><persName><forename type="first">P</forename><forename type="middle">D</forename><surname>White</surname></persName></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Are . 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